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General Enquiries

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Earthquake in Baguio City, the Philippines, July 1990

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It was 4.26 p.m. on 16 July 1990 and most people were starting to wind down from the day's work when a powerful earthquake struck. Within 45 seconds, the earthquake, measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale, devastated Baguio City.

The five-star Hyatt Terraces Plaza sustained the worst damage when its terraced front collapsed onto the hotel lobby area, killing about 50 people. Vital road links were also cut off by landslides, hampering the initial rescue effort. Hopes began to fade for hundreds of people believed to be trapped under collapsed buildings.

Thousands of city residents huddled in tents and makeshift shelters in open areas, fearful of returning to their homes due to the frequent aftershocks. Baguio's three hospitals suffered significant damage and were without power.

When the sheer magnitude of the rescue operation became apparent, the Philippine government sent out an international call for help. Singapore immediately despatched its Operation Lionheart team from the Singapore Civil Defence Force and a contingent of medical personnel from the Singapore Armed Forces.

Flown in by the Republic of Singapore Air Force, the contingent got to work almost immediately. As some team members distributed food and tents, others helped to treat the injured and prevent the outbreak of diseases that usually occur after disasters.

An SCDF rescue team was tasked to look for survivors in a four-storey building after the ground floor units collapsed in the earthquake. It was unknown if anyone was still trapped in the building but as long as there was a chance of finding survivors under the rubble, no effort would be spared.

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Braving the pounding rain and the many aftershocks, SCDF officers began to tunnel into the debris. Although no survivors were found, this was the ultimate test for the SCDF officers, who put their skills and their lives on the line to help a friend in need.

Highland Towers Collapse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, December 1993

On 11 December 1993, heavy rain, followed by a huge mudslide, triggered the collapse of the 12-storey Highland Towers on the outskirts of Kuala Lumpur. Within hours, SCDF's Operation Lionheart rescuers were already searching for survivors ons-site.

Constant rain and the instability of the rubble posed serious challenges to the rescuers. At one point, rescue works had to be halted after another landslide in the area. Despite the challenges, the SCDF officers refused to give up.

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This incident prompted the Malaysian authorities to set up their own specialised rescue unit, the Special Malaysian Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART). The team underwent advanced training courses in Singapore, and like SCDF's Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART), it has also played an active role in international rescue efforts.

Earthquake in Tai Chung County, Republic of China, September 1999

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On 21 September 1999, a devastating earthquake struck Tai Chung County in the central region of the Republic of China, at around 1.47 a.m. The destruction killed many in their sleep, while others were trapped under the debris of collapsed buildings.

Within the same day, SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent, along with four rescue dogs was airborne and en-route to the Republic of China. Upon their arrival at Dali City, the Operation Lionheart contingent immediately started work in the dark, looking for survivors in a collapsed 12-storey building. Within 45 minutes, they successfully rescued an eight-year-old boy from the debris.

CPT Winston Chang, who was a DART officer on that mission, recalled: "He (the boy) had been trapped for 30 hours. We saw only the boy's dust-covered face what was left of the bathroom. Large slabs of broken concrete were precariously stacked around him. Removing a wrong piece could have triggered an avalanche of rubble burying the boy and the four of us."

Shortly after the boy was pulled out of the building, an aftershock occurred, destroying what was left of that room. "It sent a chill down our spines as we realised that we could all have been killed if we were just five minutes late." recounted CPT Winston Chang.

Several hours later, the Operation Lionheart contingent rescued a man, who had been trapped in a collapsed five-storey golf clubhouse.

The pace of the rescue effort was unrelenting. Working side-by-side with local rescue officers and ordinary civilians who wanted to help, search efforts continued around the clock. The rescue mission lasted for 20 days.

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Before returning to Singapore, the Operation Lionheart contingent shared its Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) knowledge with the local emergency authorities through seminars and exhibitions. SCDF was the first overseas rescue team to arrive and the last to leave.

Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami, Aceh, Indonesia, December 2004

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On 26 December 2004, an earthquake measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale struck Northern Sumatra in Indonesia. The subsequent giant waves from the tsunami inflicted damage on an unprecedented scale across 12 Asian coastlines.

Hundreds of thousands of people over 10 nations were killed that day, in a state of destruction the world had not seen before.

As SCDF received more information on the disaster, it swiftly despatched the Operation Lionheart contingent in two seperate contingents of 23 officers each, to Aceh, Indonesia and Khao Lak, Thailand, to assist in the search and rescue efforts in these tsunami-hit areas. Over the next few days, additional reinforcements and replacement contingents were also sent.

The two-week operation was SCDF’s largest overseas mission to that point, in which over 130 SCDF personnel, including four Operationally Ready National Servicemen, were deployed in the humanitarian mission alongside other agencies, such as the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). It was also the first mission in which two teams were sent to different locations overseas simultaneously.

Apart from the 130-men contingent, two SCDF paramedics were attached to the SAF Medical Unit at Aceh to render medical assistance, while three senior officers attached to the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) team at Aceh and Jakarta assisted in the damage assessment and coordination of international rescue efforts.

Apart from conducting search and rescue operations, the Operation Lionheart contingent also opened their hearts and offered other humanitarian aid to the affected population. Where medical facilities were destroyed or unavailable, the contingents’ medical officers stepped up to offer basic medical care to the locals.

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By the end of the operation, the Operation Lionheart contingent had helped to recover a total of 93 bodies in Aceh, Indonesia and provided essential humanitarian aid to the survivors.

Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami, Khao Lak, Thailand, December 2004

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Following the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004, SCDF deployed its Operation Lionheart contingent as two distinct contingents of 23 officers - one each to Aceh, Indonesia and Khao Lak, Thailand, to assist in the search and rescue efforts.

The deployment for this mission was based on the assessment of the United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) team, as well as at the request of the Government of Thailand.

By the end of the operation, the SCDF Operation Lionheart contingent had helped to recover a total of 14 bodies and provided essential humanitarian aid in Khao Lak, Thailand.

Earthquake in Nias Island, Sumatra, Indonesia, March 2005

With the devastation of the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami still on the minds of many, Indonesia was again struck by a strong earthquake measuring 8.7 Richter Scale in Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 March 2005.

Nias Island was the hardest hit area suffering great loss of human lives and destruction to numerous homes. Many multi-storey buildings in the main city of Gunung Sitoli had collapsed, trapping hundreds of people underneath.

SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent was once again deployed on 29 March 2005, responding to Nias Island this time. The 40-man contingent was led by MAJ Anwar Abdullah, Commander 2nd SCDF Division. During the 10-day operation, they rescued two casualties and helped to recover 13 bodies from the disaster site.

Apart from the search and rescue operations, the Operation Lionheart contingent also rendered humanitarian assistance, supporting the Singapore Armed Forces medical staff in treating local casualties and assisting the Indonesian Police in the clearance of heavy obstructions at arterial roads.

Bushfires in Rokan Hilir, Sumatra, Indonesia, August 2005

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In August 2005, forest fires in the region affected thousands of hectares of land in Rokan Hilir, in Sumatra, Indonesia. The region was blanketed in smoke for weeks.

SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent was deployed in response to the bushfires. LTC Yazid Abdullah, Commander 4th SCDF Division, led the 54-strong contingent, supporting their Indonesian counterparts in containing the forest fires.

The contingent departed for Pekan Baru on 18 August 2005. After a quick briefing by the local authorities, they travelled ten hours by night and set up base camp at Batu Putih.

The contingent commenced firefighting the next day, splitting up their team to cover three hectares of forested land. As the fires were deep-seated and the terrain was difficult, the contingent faced quite a few challenges throughout their deployment.

By the end of the operations on 23 August, the contingent had helped to contain the fires at seven different locations over 10 hectares of forested land.

Earthquake in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, October 2005

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On 8 October 2005, a massive earthquake shook cities and villages across northern Pakistan, parts of India and Afghanistan. The earthquake, measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale, struck at was centred in the forest-clad mountains of Pakistani Kashmir, about 100 km north of Islamabad. A series of aftershocks followed soon after, causing substantial damage. Many buildings in the cities had collapsed, while some towns and villages were completely destroyed.

In Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani-administered Kashmir, 11,000 people lost their lives. This included hundreds of children who were buried under the rubble of collapsed schools. The death toll from this earthquake exceeded 42,000, with over 60,000 people injured. Nearly 3 million people were left homeless and at the mercy of freezing temperatures outdoors.

SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent was deployed to assist the local government in Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) operations. During the 12-day deployment in Pakistan, the contingent worked closely with the Pakistani military and the UN On-Site Operations Command Centre, providing medical aid at a central Muzaffarabad base hospital and evacuting quake victims from surrounding towns. In total, nearly 500 casualties were treated by SCDF and Red Cross personnel during their operations in Muzaffarabad.

The Operation Lionheart contingent also assisted in the extrication of a dead man at the collapsed 4-storey Neelum View Hotel in Muzaffarabad city, and the rescue of an infirmed 80-year-old woman who was stranded on a steep mountain. As the operations shifted from short-term relief efforts to long-term recovery work, the Operation Lionheart deployment in Muzaffarabad came to a close on 18 October 2005.

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The Operation Lionheart Contingent Commander, MAJ Yap Kok Boon, presented a relief package (comprising blankets, groundsheets, tents, sleeping bags, sweaters, medical and food supplies) to the Pakistani government, on behalf of the Singapore government, before the team's return to Singapore on 19 October.

Earthquake in Central Java, Indonesia, May 2006

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On 27 May 2006, an earthquake measuring 6.2 on the Richter scale struck the Indonesian island of Java. SCDF deployed its Operation Lionheart Contingent the next day, sending 43 officers to assist in search and rescue operations in Bantul, which is 40 km south of Yogyakarta in Central Java.

Led by MAJ Anwar Abdullah, Commander 2nd SCDF Division, the contingent included members of the SCDF elite Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART), medical personnel, as well as 3 search canines.

Throughout the 10-day deployment, the Operation Lionheart contingent worked closely with the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), the Indonesian military (TNI), and the UN On-Site Operations Command Centre. On 31 May, they helped to extricate a body at Gunung Kidual from under a 10-ton boulder measuring about 6m in length. A 10-ton hydraulic jack, telescopic ramp, and hydraulic equipment were used to extricate the body.

On 31 May, SCDF deployed a medical team, comprising 1 doctor and 10 paramedics, to Yogyakarta. They augmented the SAF medical team’s efforts in providing humanitarian and medical assistance for the earthquake victims. Throughout the 8-day relief operations, the medical team operated from the Bantul Hospital and field hospitals.

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In total, more than 500 casualties were treated by the SCDF contingent in Yogyakarta. The main contingent returned to Singapore on 5 June 2006, while the medical team returned to Singapore on 7 June 2006.

SCDF had also sent 2 info-communications specialists to Central Java under the Asia-Pacific Humanitarian Partnership programme. Their main role was to set up and maintain critical communications capabilities at the UN Reception Centre, based at Yogyakarta Adi Sutjipto Airport, facilitating the UN Disaster Assessment and Coordination’s overall liaison and coordination of relief efforts. The two officers returned to Singapore on 7 June 2006.

Earthquake in Sichuan, People's Republic of China, May 2008

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A massive earthquake, measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale, struck Eastern Sichuan, China on 12 May 2008, resulting in nearly 70,000 dead, 18,000 missing and 375,000 injured. More than 5 million people were also left homeless. SCDF deployed its Operation Lionheart contingent on 16 May 2008, departing from Paya Lebar Airbase via two Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) C-130 military aircrafts.

Led by LTC Francis Ng How Juah, Commander 4th SCDF Division, the 55-member contingent included experienced officers from SCDF’s Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART). The contingent was equipped with search and rescue equipment such as fibre-optic scopes, life detector systems, and hydraulic rescue equipment. The contingent also brought along 4 search canines for the mission. The contingent was self-sufficient in terms of food, fuel, and equipment.

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As part of the international humanitarian assistance efforts, the SCDF contingent was one of the four rescue teams based in Hongbai Township in Shifang city. The other foreign rescuers came from Japan, Russia, and the Republic of Korea.

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Throughout the 5-day mission, the contingent conducted search operations at over a dozen sites, extricating five bodies from the collapsed structures. The rescuers also helped to construct a makeshift link bridge on 19 May 2008, to assist residents who were affected by a massive landslide. As operations in Hongbai town shifted to the ‘recovery’ phase, the Operation Lionheart contingent wound down its operations and prepared to return to Singapore.

Before the contingent’s departure, the Vice Governor of Sichuan, Huang Yanrong, hosted a simple appreciation ceremony to thank the rescuers. A banner was presented to the Contingent Commander.

The first batch of 39 officers returned to Singapore on 22 May 2008 and were received by Mr K Shanmugam, Minister for Law and Second Minister for Home Affairs, and Mdm Zhang Xiao Kang, PRC Ambassador to Singapore at Paya Lebar Air Base. The remaining 16 officers returned home on a commercial flight on 23 May 2008.

Earthquake in Padang City, Sumatra, Indonesia, September 2009

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A massive 7.6-magnitude earthquake struck Padang City in Sumatra, Indonesia on 30 September 2009. A 42-strong Operation Lionheart contingent, led by LTC Kadir Maideen, Commander 2nd SCDF Division, was swiftly deployed to Padang on 2nd October 2009, to assist in the rescue operations.

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The contingent conducted search and rescue operations with fibre-optic scopes and pneumatic drills, which were supplemented by their search canines. They worked tirelessly at many different buildings, including a bank, a library, and the Hotel Dipo International. In addition, a SCDF medical doctor and two paramedics provided field medical treatment to the victims.

This is the contingent's 11th overseas deployment and its second since attaining the Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) Team certification from the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) in January 2008.

Earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, February 2011

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On 22 February 2011, an earthquake measuring 6.3 on the Richter scale shook Christchurch, New Zealand. A 55-member Operation Lionheart contingent, led by LTC Ling Kok Yong, Commander 1st SCDF Division, left Singapore on 23 February to assist in the search and rescue operations.

The contingent comprised experienced officers from SCDF’s elite Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART), medical doctors, trauma paramedics, rescue engineers, and other support officers. The contingent also brought along their sophisticated rescue equipment and four search canines.

Upon reaching Christchurch, the contingent swung into action immediately and worked round-the clock. At the request of the New Zealand government, 33 members of the 55-member contingent stayed on for a further seven days to assist in the recovery operations.

During their 19-day mission (23 February - 13 March 2011), the contingent carried out search and rescue operations at 44 sites and recovery operations at 16 sites, working closely with the local authorities and international rescue teams.

Earthquake in Japan, March 2011

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On 11 March 2011, a devastating earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale struck Japan. SCDF deployed a search team (5 search specialists and 5 search canines) from its Operation Lionheart contingent to Japan on 12 March, to assist in the search and rescue operations.

Led by MAJ Tan Loo Ping, Search Platoon Commander, the team comprised officers who had experience in overseas search and rescue operations. MAJ Tan and his officers were also part of the contingent that was recently deployed to Christchurch, New Zealand.

Floods in Kelantan, Malaysia, December 2014

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In December 2014, consecutive days of torrential rain led to flash flooding in Kelantan, Malaysia. Thousands of people were displaced from their homes, as the floodwaters rose.

SCDF deployed four officers from its Operation Lionheart contingent, to assist in flood relief efforts. The team comprised two officers from the Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART), one Fire & Rescue Specialist and one Technical Support Officer.

Upon arrival, the team helped to set up and operate water purification units, which were vital in providing a clean water supply to the affected population.

After aiding in the flood relief efforts for two weeks, the team returned to Singapore on 15 January 2015.

Forest fires in Chiang Mai, Thailand, March 2015

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In early 2015, the northern provinces of Thailand were shrouded in haze, due to forest fires in the region. In March 2015, the Singapore government agreed to a request by Thailand, to assist in putting out the forest fires.

The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) mobilised 50 personnel and two Chinook helicopters for the mission. SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent also mobilised a team of six officers, from the Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART). Led by DART Unit Sergeant Major, SWO Sabree, the team was responsible for the operation of SCDF's 5000-litre Heli-bucket.

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Throughout the two-week deployment, the DART officers flew with the SAF officers in 17 sorties. Enduring high temperatures and hazy conditions, they retrieved water from the sea, and dropped over 200,000 litres of water over hot spots. Soon after the hot spots were doused, the haze in Chiang Mai gradually lifted.

The Operation Lionheart contingent returned to Singapore on 18 March 2015.

Earthquake in Kathmandu, Nepal, May 2015

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On 25 April 2015, an earthquake measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale struck Nepal near the capital city of Kathmandu. With a death toll amounting to the thousands and many more displaced, SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent was deployed to assist with the search and rescue efforts, arriving in Kathmandu on 28 April 2015. The 60-member team was led by LTC Alvin Tan, Commander 3rd SCDF Division.

Upon arrival, the Operation Lionheart contingent was set up its Base of Operations and was soon assigned two areas of operation, namely the Lalitpur district and Gorkha district. As these two districts were geographically far apart, the Operation Lionheart contingent was split into two self-sufficient teams.

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Over the next two weeks, the SCDF officers in both teams would work together with international USAR teams, helping to extricate a deceased man from under the rubble of his home, and in the searching and marking of more than 60 collapsed structures. The 2 doctors and 4 trauma paramedics in the medical team also helped to provide medical attention the injured villagers throughout the mission.

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Before their departure from Nepal, the Operation Lionheart contingent donated humanitarian aid and medical supplies in support of the humanitarian missions in Nepal. The contingent returned to Singapore on 9 May 2015.

Forest fires in Palembang, Indonesia, October 2015

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Dry weather conditions resulted in large forest fires on the Indonesian island of Sumatra in October 2015. As the number of hotspots grew, much of the region was shrouded in haze.

On 10 October 2015, the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) deployed 34 personnel and a Chinook helicopter to assist in the firefighting efforts. SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent also deployed six officers from the Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART), who were responsible for the operation of the 5000-litre Heli-bucket.

Over the course of two weeks, the SAF and SCDF officers flew numerous sorties, discharging over 400,000 litres of water and extinguishing more than 50 hotspots in Palembang. Despite the low visibility and dense haze, the officers remained resilient in their mission.

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The SCDF Operation Lionheart team returned to Singapore on 24 October 2015.

Flooding in Attapeu Province, Laos PDR, July 2018

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On 23 July 2018, a hydroelectric dam in southeast Laos collapsed, causing widespread destruction and flooding in Attapeu province.

A 17-member team from SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent, led by MAJ Seloterio Euan Izmal, was deployed for search and rescue operations on 3 August 2018.

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After linking up with the local authorities, the Operation Lionheart contingent set up its Base Camp at Ban Mai Village and embarked on search and rescue operations. Throughout the mission, the team faced numerous challenges due to the difficult terrain and flood waters.

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The contingent was relieved by a 32-strong Home Team contingent on 13 August, comprising 18 SCDF officers, 14 Singapore Police Force (SPF) officers and 3 victim recovery dogs from SPF's K-9 unit.

As search and rescue operations continued, the Home Team contingent also set up a field medical centre to provide medical treatment and medicine to the disaster victims.

As the deployment came to an end, the joint Home Team contingent returned to Singapore on 25 August 2018.

Floods in New South Wales, Australia, November 2022

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Throughout November 2022, heavy storms in eastern and southern Australia resulted in severe flooding in New South Wales.

A 16-member team from SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent, led by LTC Lok Wee Keong, Commander Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART), was deployed to support flood rescue efforts on 16 November 2022.

After a quick familiarisation with the various equipment used by their counterparts in the New South Wales State Emergency Service (SES), the contingent was split into two separate teams, to conduct search and rescue operations at Parkes Town and Wagga Wagga City.

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Apart from search and rescue operations, the Operation Lionheart contingent also assisted the local authorities in carrying out flood protection and assistance.

After a two-week deployment, the Operation Lionheart contingent returned to Singapore on 2 December 2022.

Türkiye-Syria earthquake, February 2023

In the early morning hours of 6 February 2023, a devastating earthquake struck southern Türkiye. Initial reports indicated that thousands of buildings had collapsed, with an escalating number of casualties.

Following the Republic of Türkiye's call for humanitarian assistance, An advance team of 20 officers, from SCDF's Operation Lionheart contingent, were deployed on 7 February. They were led by LTC Lok Wee Keong, Commander Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (DART).

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Upon reaching Türkiye on 8 February, the advance team commenced search and rescue operations at Kahramanmaraş. Working closely with the Local Emergency Management Authorities (LEMA) and a Spanish rescue team, they rescued a boy from beneath the rubble of a collapsed 3-storey building.

The very next day, the advance team found a man trapped behind a large concrete slab in another collapsed buillding. An opening was created with rescue equipment and the man was successfully rescued.

The main Operation Lionheart contingent, led by COL Chew Keng Tok, Commander 2nd SCDF Division, arrived in Türkiye on 10 February. The 68-strong contingent set up the Base of Operations and was deployed at two separate sites, to carry out site assessments, search, and rescue operations concurrently.

For the first time, the Operation Lionheart contingent included two officers from SCDF's Emergency Behavioural Sciences and Care Unit (EBSC). They provided in-situ psychological support to the entire contingent, ensuring their morale and psychological wellness throughout the mission.

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As the deployment drew to a close, the contingent contributed medical supplies, food rations, thermal wear, and tentages to the Türkiye National Medical Rescue Team.

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The Operation Lionheart contingent returned to Singapore on 18 February 2023. They were received at Changi Airport, by Mr K Shanmugam, Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for Law, Associate Professor Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim, Minister of State for the Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of National Development, and His Excellency Mehmet Burçin Gönenli, the Ambassador of the Republic of Türkiye to Singapore.