Definition of Burns

Damage to the Body Tissue by Heat, Chemicals, Electricity or Radiation

Classifications of Burn Injuries

• First Degree Burns
• Second Degree Burns
• Third Degree Burns

Disclaimer:  The Following Pictures may be Viewed as Unpleasant to Participants

Classifications of Burn Injuries

What Is The Treatment?

• Stop the Burning Process
• Run under normal running water for 10mins (Chemical 30mins)
• Remember the FOUR Cs

Remember the Four Cs!

COOL the affected area under running tap water for about 10 minutes	Gently remove any CONSTRICTORS from the injured area before it starts to swell	COVER the injured area to prevent any infection	CONSULT a doctor (if not serious); otherwise dial 995

When To Call For 995?

• Burns involving more than 5% of Casualty’s Body Surface (Surface area is more than 5 times the size of casualty's palm)
  
• Chemical burns
• Facial Burns
• Multiple Blisters
• Difficulty in Breathing

How To Treat Open Wounds?

1. Check if there is any foreign object in the wound
2. Clean the wound with water
3. Cover with a sterile gauze pad
4. Apply firm direct pressure
5. Secure with a bandage
6. Proceed to the nearest GP or Polyclinic.

If the bleeding does NOT stop after treatment

OR

If you see any of these wounds...

OR...

These are Foreign Objects Seen on the Wound…

DO NOT REMOVE OR PRESS ON THE OBJECT

CALL 995 IMMEDIATELY! 

Definition of Sprain

A stretching or a tearing of a ligament. It normally occurs on the knee or ankle. 

How To Treat It? 

Remember R.I.C.E !

R.I.C.E

REST the sprained joint.	ICE or apply a cold compress to the sprain.
COMPRESS the sprained joint using a bandage or soft padding.	ELEVATE the sprained joint.

What If Casualty Is Unable To Bear Own Weight And/or Walk?

The casualty might have sustained a fracture and need medical attention immediately. CALL 995!

Definition of Choking
Choking happens when the airway is either fully or partially blocked by a foreign object

There Are 2 Types Of Choking

• Partial (Mild) airway obstruction
• Complete (Severe) airway obstruction

Partial (Mild) Airway Obstruction

The Casualty Breathes Noisily Or Coughs

What To Do?

• Do not interfere
• Let the casualty cough out the object by himself/herself

Complete (Severe) Airway Obstruction

The Casualty:

• Is unable to speak, breathe or cough
• Will grip his/her throat with his/her hands (universal sign of choking)

Relief of Complete Airway Obstruction

STEP 1: Ask “Are You Choking?” Tell the casualty that you can help	Universal Sign of Choking
STEP 2: Move behind casualty and locate landmark by placing ring finger at belly button Place 2 fingers above the ring finger
STEP 3: 5, 4, 0 into a fist shape with another hand Place it above the 2 fingers
STEP 4: Lean the casualty forward with one hand while still placing the fist 2 fingers above the belly button Cover the fist with another hand Thrust inward and upward
STEP 5: Repeat the thrust until object is expelled out or casualty turned unconscious